University Technology Transfer Offices in Iran: Institutional Structures and Manifestations within the National Innovation System – A Case Study of Persian Gulf University

Abstract :

University Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) have emerged as pivotal institutional intermediaries in national innovation systems, facilitating dynamic linkages between academia and industry while supporting the commercialization of research outputs. This study examines the organizational structure and institutional manifestations of TTOs in Iran, with a focus on the case of Persian Gulf University. Using a conceptual framework that categorizes TTO functions into core, developmental, supportive, and networking dimensions, the study employed a qualitative design, drawing on document analysis, official reports, and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. Comparative analysis was conducted with international experiences, particularly the Italian NetVal network. Findings reveal that while the TTO at Persian Gulf University has made progress in training, patent registration, and industry outreach, it faces structural challenges in governance, professional human resources, financial sustainability, and networking capacity. The Italian case underscores the necessity of coherent national policies, specialized intermediary institutions, transparent standards, and continuous structural and legal support to ensure the effectiveness of TTOs. The study concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen governance infrastructures, develop legal and financial instruments, and enhance the networking role of TTOs within Iran’s innovation ecosystem

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