کاربرد نظریه اکوتون نوآوری برای اصلاح ساختار اکوسیستم نوآوری ایران
محورهای موضوعی : عمومىنسرین بیگدلو 1 , حمید زارع 2 , سید سپهر قاضی نوری 3 *
1 - دانشجوی دکتری کارآفرینی، فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار،گروه مدیریت دولتی، فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 - استاد، سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: نوآوری, اکوسیستم, اکوتون, استعاره,
چکیده مقاله :
مفهوم اکوسیستم پس از ورود به حوزه مدیریت، مفاهیم زیادی را ایجاد نموده است، از جمله اکوسیستم نوآوری که یکی از پرکاربردترین آنهاست. این مفاهیم در تعریف و کارکرد به اجماع نرسیده اند و قبل از آنکه استعاره مربوطه شفاف شود، کارکردها، اهداف و وظایف خاصی بدون در نظر گرفتن رابطه آن با بقیه مفاهیم مشابه در نظر گرفته شده است. در این مقاله به طور خاص به مفهوم استعاره ای اکوسیستم نوآوری پرداخته شده که در ایران بسیار مورد توجه است و ساختار موجود آن با اکوسیستم کسب و کار، دانش، کارآفرینی و ... نیز ارتباط دارد. از آنجا که در عمل، انتظارات سیاستگذاران برآورده نشده، لازم است رابطه آن را با بقیه اکوسیستم ها بررسی نموده و در تعریف و بعد ساختار و سیاست های اتخاذی، تغییر رویکرد داد. بر همین اساس در این مقاله پس از بررسی روابط بین اکوسیستم های نوآوری، دانش و کسب و کار، استعاره اکوتون که از ملحقات اصلی اکوسیستم در خاستگاه خود - علوم زیستی- می باشد در علوم غیرزیستی مورد غفلت واقع شده است برای نوآوری پیشنهاد شده است. نوآوری پل ارتباطی بین دانش و کسب و کار بوده و اکوتون نوآوری مرز بین دو اکوسیستم کسب و کار و دانش است. بر همین اساس اصولی را برای سیاستگذاران در جهت بهبود نوآوری در ایران پیشنهاد شده است.
The concept of ecosystem, after entering the field of management has created many concepts such as” innovation ecosystem” which is one of the most widely used. These concepts have not reached a consensus in definition and function, and before the metaphors become clear, have been considered specific functions, goals and tasks without considering its relationship with other similar concepts. In this paper, the innovation ecosystem metaphor is specifically discussed, which is of great interest in Iran, and its existing structure is also related to the business, knowledge and entrepreneurship ecosystems. Since in fact, the expectations of the policymakers have not been met, it is necessary to study its relationship with the rest of the ecosystems and change the approach in the definition and dimension of the structure and adopted policies. Accordingly, in this paper, after studying the relationships between the innovation, knowledge and business ecosystems, the ecotone metaphor, which is one of the main attachments of the ecosystem in its origin - biological sciences - has been neglected in non-biological sciences, is proposed for innovation. Innovation is the bridge between knowledge and business, and innovation ecotone is the border between the two ecosystems of business and knowledge. Based on this, principles have been proposed for policy makers to improve innovation in Iran
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