تحلیلی بر کارآفرینی دانشگاهی در عصر دیجیتالی شدن با استفاده از روش فراترکیب

چکیده مقاله :

هدف این مقاله، ارائه تحلیلی عمیق و چندبعدی از پدیده "کارآفرینی دانشگاهی دیجیتال" در بستر اقتصادی و نهادی ایران است. در حالی که ادبیات جهانی به سرعت در حال بررسی تلاقی بین تحول دیجیتال و کارآفرینی دانشگاهی است، درک یکپارچه‌ای از ابعاد، پیشران‌ها، موانع و پیامدهای این پدیده در یک اقتصاد در حال توسعه و تحت تحریم مانند ایران وجود ندارد. این پژوهش با اتخاذ یک رویکرد کیفی، از روش‌شناسی فراترکیب هفت مرحله‌ای سندلوسکی و باروسو (2007) برای تحلیل و ترکیب نظام‌مند یافته‌های مطالعات پیشین بهره می‌برد. با جستجوی جامع در پایگاه‌های داده ملی و بین‌المللی و غربالگری مطالعات بر اساس معیارهای دقیق، مجموعه‌ای از مقالات مرتبط به عنوان داده‌های این پژوهش انتخاب شدند. یافته‌های حاصل از این فراترکیب در سه مضمون اصلی، برگرفته از چارچوب نظری "فناوری-سازمان-محیط" (TOE)، دسته‌بندی شدند:
 ۱) عوامل فناورانه، شامل نقش دوسویه پلتفرم‌های دیجیتال و ضرورت سواد هوش مصنوعی؛ ۲) عوامل سازمانی، ناظر بر چالش‌های انطباق نهادی دانشگاه‌ها، ظهور ساختارهای حمایتی نوین و بایستگی رهبری دیجیتال؛ و ۳) عوامل محیطی، که به نقش متناقض سیاست‌گذاری دولتی، تأثیر تحریم‌های اقتصادی و فرهنگ کارآفرینانه نوظهور در میان دانشجویان می‌پردازد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که موفقیت کارآفرینی دانشگاهی دیجیتال در ایران، نه یک مسئله صرفاً فناورانه، بلکه محصول تعامل پیچیده‌ای میان آمادگی فناورانه، ظرفیت‌های پویا و تحول ساختاری در دانشگاه‌ها، و یک اکوسیستم محیطی توانمندساز است. این مقاله با ارائه یک چارچوب مفهومی یکپارچه، دلالت‌های سیاستی مشخصی را برای رهبران دانشگاهی و سیاست‌گذاران ملی به‌منظور تقویت اکوسیستم کارآفرینی دیجیتال در کشور ارائه می‌دهد.

چکیده انگلیسی :

This paper aims to provide a deep, multi-dimensional analysis of the "digital academic entrepreneurship" phenomenon within Iran's unique economic and institutional context. While global literature is rapidly exploring the intersection of digital transformation and academic entrepreneurship, a coherent understanding of the dimensions, drivers, barriers, and consequences of this phenomenon in a developing and sanctioned economy like Iran is notably absent. Adopting a qualitative, interpretive approach, this research utilizes the seven-step meta-synthesis methodology of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) to systematically analyze and synthesize findings from prior studies. Through a comprehensive search of national and international databases and a rigorous screening process, a final selection of 32 relevant articles was chosen as the data for this study. The synthesized findings are categorized into three main themes derived from the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theoretical framework: 1) Technological factors, including the dual role of digital platforms and the imperative for artificial intelligence fluency; 2) Organizational factors, focusing on the challenges of institutional adaptation in universities, the emergence of novel support structures, and the necessity of digital leadership; and 3) Environmental factors, which address the contradictory role of government policymaking, the profound impact of economic sanctions, and the emerging entrepreneurial culture among students. The results indicate that the success of digital academic entrepreneurship in Iran is not merely a technological issue but the product of a complex interplay between technological readiness, dynamic capabilities and structural transformation within universities, and an enabling environmental ecosystem. By presenting an integrated conceptual framework, this paper offers specific policy implications for academic leaders and national policymakers to strengthen the digital entrepreneurship ecosystem in the country

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