• OpenAccess
    • List of Articles R&D

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Policy Making for Centralized and Decentralized R&D Structures in the Petroleum Industry Based on the Idea to Market Process
          homameddin tabatabaei Ahmad mousaei
        Nowadays, R&D is the one of the most important pillars of corporations. Oil industry is the Iran's largest industry an as a corporation no except of this rule. But various structures and different approaches exist for the position of R&D in corporations' structure. T More
        Nowadays, R&D is the one of the most important pillars of corporations. Oil industry is the Iran's largest industry an as a corporation no except of this rule. But various structures and different approaches exist for the position of R&D in corporations' structure. Three major structures have been used more in corporations for research and development, which are: • Centralized R&D structure • Decentralized R&D structure • Hybrid R&D structure In this paper first, the stages of idea to market process will be described. Then the types of R&D structures in corporations will define and then their position in the Iran's oil industry investigated. Next according to the stages of idea to market process, duties and nature of activities in centralized and decentralized R&D sections in hybrid R&D structures will discuss. Finally some policies and recommendation for the improving the R&D in the Iran's oil industry is presented Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - The Role of Research and Development Centers in System of Innovation (R&D)
        mohsen keshavarz mohsen rahimi مجيد  سليمي
        : One critical factor which has given rise to the gap among countries is the difference among them regarding their capabilities for fostering innovation in all aspect including political, economic, culture and social. Given the rapid technology advancement so far, and w More
        : One critical factor which has given rise to the gap among countries is the difference among them regarding their capabilities for fostering innovation in all aspect including political, economic, culture and social. Given the rapid technology advancement so far, and with regard to predictions as to the continuation of the existing trend in the future, one can say the gap will be enlarged in the years to come if no precautions are taken. One way to cope with the challenge is to improve the innovation capacity within the country through increasing research and development activities in all economic sectors countries with more costs spent on research are more developed technologically and industrially. Therefore, the article seeks to explore the role of research and development centers in innovation; the methodology used to achieve this goal was documental analysis. Findings indicate there ought to be appropriate interactions among the main components of "National Innovation System", i.e. government, industry, university and other research institutions; these interactions need to be accomplished through expanding research and development activities and making applicable the finding of research. Therefore, one can conclude there exists a direct relationship between research and innovation and hence the actual development in all countries, especially Iran .So, the obstacles impeding the progress of research and innovation (some of which have been reviewed in this study) should be abolished. Manuscript profile